After 1853, seamen enlisted for the duration of their careers. The FamilySearch Library has many military records, but these are only a small part of the military records available. CSM 8th Btn. Soldier's WW1 Service Records. Search the enlistment books of the disbanded Irish regiments. This British Army infantry unit existed between 1881 and 1922. 1973. pages 12-17, Family History Ref. You can compare the information you know about your ancestor with the history of the regiment to determine whether your ancestor could have served in that regiment. Research Database. The following members of the Regiment were awarded the Victoria Cross: The following are memorials of the Great War (World War I): Harris, Appendix II, pp. It was in action from the start of the French Revolutionary Wars (1793-1802), serving at the siege of Toulon in 1793, garrisoning Corsica in 1794, andserving as marines in the Mediterranean in 1797. The highest award for conspicuous bravery in the presence of the enemy, . Michael Costello 1st Battalion Royal Irish Regiment (d.6th July 1915), Pte. - Royal Ulster Rifles Museum Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1987. ), Holding, Norman H. More Sources of World War I Ancestry. The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Family History Record Profile: Ireland, Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1986-2003. This record series can be viewed by using catalogue reference WO372/. 4 July 1918 : transferred to 21st Brigade, 30th Division. Contents: Name of officer, rank and date of commission or advancement. In 1883, 1st Battalion moved to India, remaining there for 16 years. Naval officers who served from 1695 to 1742 are listed in the following work: Young, D. H. W., comp.Index to Commission and Warrant Books of the Admiralty of Great Britain and Ireland, 1695-1742. Armed with this information, the next step is to consult the Soldiers Died in the Great War databases at. Pte. The movement of different Irish Militia, from 1793-1816. The 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1685 as the Earl of Arran's Regiment of Cuirassiers.It was renamed as the 4th (Royal Irish) Dragoon Guards in 1788 and service for two centuries, including the First World War, before being amalgamated with 7th Dragoon Guards (Princess Royal's), to form the 4th/7th Dragoon Guards in 1922. You may findabbreviations on a roll entry some of these abbreviations are explained in our guide to army medal index cards. In 1882,2nd Battalion fought in Egypt, and was joined there by 1st Battalion in 1884. The companies that joinedWilliamwere placed on the English establishment in 1689. 8 vols. [1], Research use: Shows relationships and to supplements information found in church records or missing information due to loss of church records. Some records were destroyed by enemy bombing of the Guards chapel during the Second World War. The 36th (Ulster) Division arrived in France in October 1915 and fought in France and Flanders, in the Battles of Somme, Messines, Passchendaele, Cambrai, Kaiserschlacht and the final 100 days of war that led to victory. [1] It saw service for two and a half centuries before being disbanded with the Partition of Ireland following establishment of the independent Irish Free State in 1922 when the five regiments that had their traditional recruiting grounds in the counties of the new state were disbanded. Paul McGee 6th Battalion (d.16th Jun 1916), Pte. The list of Irish deserters, taken from the New Zealand Gazette of 1863, shows all those with Irish birthplaces, names, army rank and number, age, place and year of enlistment, parish and county of birth, trade, date and place of desertion. Royal Irish Regiment (d.24th Jan 1918), Pte. In the 17th century, independent companies of musketeers and pikemen garrisoned Ireland underboth Oliver Cromwell and King Charles II. However, photocopies of documents not available to download can be ordered and sent by mail where a charge for postage will be included. Royal Irish Regiment (d.30th April 1915). 2nd Btn. 1. 6th Battalion Royal Irish Regiment, Pte. British Military Records. He was repatriated on the 18th of November 1918. This is not because they were considered unworthy of a mention; it was because the Diarys sole purpose was to record unit events and not individuals. Article found in The Irish Ancestor, vol.1 no.2, 1969, pages 109-114, FamilySearch Library Ref. These records are the unit war diaries of the British Army in the First World War and are held by The National Archives in record series WO 95. Royal Irish Regiment: 04/05/1917 (aged 39) Captain George Chaigneau Colvill : Royal Irish Regiment: 30/11/1917 (aged 23) Private Daniel Lucas 5948: Royal Irish Regiment: 12/04/1918: Private James William Quinn 3320: Royal Irish Regiment: 15/04/1916 (aged 24) Serjeant Oscar Brown 8354: Royal Irish Regiment: 09/09/1916: Private Brown 11232: Royal . 6th Battalion, Royal Irish Regiment was raised at Clonmel on the 6th of September 1914 as part of Kitchener's Second New Army and joined 47th Brigade, 16th (Irish) Division. These were the 3rd Battalion (Special Reserve) and the 4th Battalion (Special Reserve). Contents: Name, rank, dates of entry and discharge, age and birth place of all members of ship's company. Continuous Service Engagement Books. Be warned that if your subject has a common name then the list of names could run to many pages so take your time checking each entry carefully and compare the details with the information you already have. It spent the early 1780s garrisoning the Channel Islands and Gibraltar against Americas French and Spanish allies. The officers of each parish decided who would serve in the militia. If you cannot identify your ancestor's regiment through these records, the sources you should search to determine his regiment will depend on what you know about your ancestor. 1801 - Royal Irish Artillery merged into the Royal Artillery 1855 - Board of Ordnance abolished, all personnel transferred to the War Office. This record series are in alphabetical surname order and contain (only)the surviving records of service for non-commissioned officers and other ranks that served in the 1914-1918 war but who did not re-enlist prior to the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. Until 1853, naval enlistment was informal and lasted for the ship's commission, usually three years. The hospital admission and discharge records from this series are available to view online (see section above) but are not searchable by name in our own catalogue. This infantry unit has origins dating back to 1688. 6th Battalion (d.5th April 1917), Sweeney Hugh. 2nd Battalion remained in India from 1884 until 1902 when it returned to Ireland. They were buried at Merrion Cemetery, Bellevue. Posted 9 October , 2013. In general, individual regiments have retained copies of their own war diaries and are held at their regimental museums or archives, but a war diary for almost every British Army unit from 1914-1922 was given to the War Office during the First World War; these are now held by The National Archives in Kew, London. 941.5 B2i V5-6. A few of these record types are described below. Birth and baptism records are indexed. This page was last edited on 28 December 2022, at 18:47. In 1937, the London Irish Rifles became a Territorial Army battalion of the Rifles, and the only TA battalion of an Irish regiment. The regiment was formed during the reign of Charles II on the 1 April 1684 by . For more detailed advice see our guide to British Army operations in the First World War. 2d ed. 1 No1. All records of RA personnel classified under class WO. The National Army Museum holds the soldiers' effects ledgers that were created by the War Office to record the monies owing to those who died while serving in the British Army. Daniel Deevy 2nd Btn. Irish Great War Society Irish Army Census Records: Mossong, Verna. Alphabetical list of Irish born soldiers serving in India. A Royal Irish Regiment officer reported that "they regarded, not unreasonably, everyone they saw as an enemy, and fired at anything that moved". Population coverage: Naval records cover about 10% to 15% of the population during peacetime and much more during wartime. The list gives their admission dates rank and unit. Ten battalions of the regimentsaw service during the First World War (1914-18). William joined the Royal Irish Rifles, 36th Ulster Division and was sent to war in France on 4th of October 1915. These cover regular soldiers who may have enlisted as early as 1892 for 22 years service as well as a small number of stray service records of pre-war soldiers who did not serve from 19141920. While descriptions of shipboard events often include individual names, no indexes exist to help locate these names. Article is Father Benard's Register of the Irish Militia in Essex, also register of baptisms 1812-1817 kept at Church of St. James-the-less, Priory St. Colchester. After almost 250 years of service with the British Army, it was disbanded in 1922 on the establishment of the Irish Free State. Cunliffe, Marcus, The Royal Irish Fusiliers, 1793-1968 (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1970). (d.9th Sep 1916), Lynch Stephen. 1st Battalion returned to India in 1857, where it stayed for mostof the following 27 years. Casualty records may list those missing, wounded, taken prisoner, killed in action or who died as a result of their war service. Dates of promotions (if applicable). This could mean that he may have had different service numbers and ranks. We have a large archive of soldier records. 8th (Service) Battalion. This was areward for supporting the Stuarts in Scotland during the British Civil Wars (1639-51) and working for Charles's restoration. You may want to hire a researcher to search military records that are not available at the FamilySearch Library. You may write the Public Record Office, Kew with the information you do know to obtain information from this card index. In 1857, the regiment raised a 2nd Battalion again, this time out of volunteers from Irelands militia regiments. It saw service for two and a half centuries before being . 2nd Btn. Pte. Population coverage: Naval records--about 10% to 15% of the population during peacetime and much more during wartime. Research use: Lists place of origin for soldiers. Simply enter your email address below to start receiving our monthly email newsletter. FamilySearch Library Ref. The books are all available in The National Archives reference library, or you may be able to find them in a local library. [3] As Hamilton's Foot, it served in Flanders during the Nine Years War and at Namur on 31 August 1695, took part in the capture of the Terra Nova earthwork, later commemorated in the song 'The British Grenadiers. At home in Ireland men volunteered in their thousands and all three regiments soon formed new battalions. Find out more. Record type: Admission records, pension records and chapel registers. Add a Name to this List If, for example, a soldier was wounded, taken prisoner or was granted an army pension, records may survive recording these events. So, on behalf of the Irish Great War Society and its members, we wish you good luck with your research. Gives Surname and christian name, Date of birth, Parents names and place of birth or baptism. Generally, there are separate records for staff officers, medical officers (surgeons), Commissariat officers, chaplains, Board of Ordnance officers (artillerymen, engineers, sappers, miners, artificers, and others), and other officers. Search the easier records first; they will often provide information that will then help you search military records. Military officers were typically from the upper classes and soldiers were from among the poor. . These records run from 1901 to 1960, covering the latter stages of the Boer War and, of course, both World Wars. Earlier armies were raised as needed, usually as county militia units directed by the county's lord lieutenant. Contents: Registers of pensioners of the Royal Hospital Kilmainham (Dublin); brief description of the pensioner is given with age, place of birth, particulars of service and reason for discharge. It was still there on the outbreak of the American War of Independence (1775-83). IRISH GREAT WAR SOCIETY. During the First Opium War in China, the regiment next saw action at the Capture of Chusan in July 1840, Battle of Canton in May 1841,[16] Battle of Amoy in August 1841,[17] Second Capture of Chusan in October 1841, Battle of Ningpo in March 1842,[18] Battle of Tzeki in March 1842, Battle of Chapu in May 1842, Battle of Woosung in June 1842, and Battle of Chinkiang in July 1842. Dallington, East Sussex, England: Naval and Military Press Ltd., 1992. The popularity of the site means that it is far exceeding available resources. Ships' logs survive from 1673, but usually only give information on ship location, weather, sightings of other ships, and shipboard events. You can also search our bookshop for a wide range of history titles. (d.27th June 1916), Terry Timothy. These records can also be searched on Findmypast.co.uk. You might find the following strategies helpful for finding your ancestor's ship or regiment: Soldiers. If your naval ancestor is not listed in any of the above sources, consult: Rodger, N. A. M., Naval Records for Genealogists. Population coverage: Varies, very high during wartime (40%) and lower (about 10%) during peacetime. Pte. If you think you have found the regiment in which your ancestor served, military histories may help confirm your findings. In addition, War Diaries generally contained appendices for specific events, which could include sketches, maps and Operational Orders. v3.0, except where otherwise stated, British Army soldiers of the First World War, British Army soldiers in service after 1918, Records in other archives and organisations, war diaries of British Army units that served on the Western Front and in Mesopotamia, units that served in the Gallipoli Campaign at the Dardanelles, guide to records of British prisoners of the First World War, British Army operations in the First World War, Friends of The National The regiment foughtin the First Opium War (1839-42) and the Second Burma War (1852). The names of non-commissioned officers and other ranks are seldom mentioned in the War Diaries so you shouldnt expect to see a family members name recorded. [24] Under the reforms the regiment became The Royal Irish Regiment on 1 July 1881. Alternatively, they can be viewed on-line for a fee, or copies ordered from the National Archives at a charge plus postage. The modern day Royal Irish Regiment formed in the 1990's has no true historical links to the original regiment other than its name. Record type: Pension records for sailors wounded in service. If he served before 1853, search the muster rolls, description books, or pay lists of the ship on which he served. Location: National Archives, Bishops Street, Dublin, Ireland and Public Record Office, Ruskin Avenue, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 4DU England. Battle Honour ST QUENTIN - German Spring Offensive 1918. We can either copy our records onto paper or deliver them to you digitally, Visit us in Kew to see original documents or view online records for free, Consider paying for 941.5 B2i. The fully indexed Navy List names all commissioned officers, including masters, pursers, surgeons, chaplains, yard officers, coast guardsmen, and reservists who have served in the navy from 1814 to the present. Royal Irish Regiment (d.5th April 1917) Thomas Flood served with the 6th Battalion, Royal Irish Regiment, attached 47th Trench Mortar Battery, in WW1. List of Officers of the Royal Regiment of Artillery 1862-1914 1865, 1938 India Lists 1865, 1938 . [25] It served as the county regiment of Tipperary, Waterford, Wexford and Kilkenny. The records include admissions and discharge records from military hospitals, field ambulances, and casualty clearing stations. For more information on twentieth-century army records, see: Holding, Norman H. World War I Army Ancestry. Army records before 1872 are organized by regiment. (PRO classes Adm 6/222, 270, 446; Adm 18/119; Adm 22/47-49, 254-443; Adm 23/23-24, 32, 76-77, 89-94; Adm 82/1-2,122-123; Adm 165; PMG 16/1, 6, 15-31; PMG 70; PMG 71). The War Diary series have the catalogue reference of WO95/.. It was back in home barracks from 1885 to 1891, then in Ireland until it was sent to South Africa as part of reinforcements for the Second Boer War in late 1899. Support by . Brief career details were later included as well. 6th Btn. To enlist, underage boys may have lied about their name, age, and sometimes birthplace. (d.5th August 1917), Doherty Patrick. Search by name or regimental (service) number forFirst World War army medal index cards (WO 372) onour website(). It served with the British Army until 1958, when it was merged into the 3rd East Anglian Regiment. (d.24th May 1915), Kerr Finlay. [34], The 3rd (Reserve) Battalion, largely made up from local Dubliners, were the first army troops to engage the Irish rebels during the Easter Rising: the rebels were fighting to establish an Irish Republic in Dublin. Ships of the Royal Navy. Ffolliott, Rosemary. - Royal Irish Fusiliers Museum Ireland's Memorial Records, 1914-1918. From 1872 to 1892, merchant seamen were also listed in these records. Read First World War Army Service Records by William Spencer (The National Archives, 2008). More Royal Irish Regiment records. (FamilySearch Library film 1279333 items 5-12.). [3], Based in Ireland for most of the Seven Years' War, in July 1767 it arrived in North America and spent the next eight years on garrison duty in Philadelphia and different parts of Illinois. Musters are held at the Public Record Office, Kew at National Archives. Public Record Office/National Archives England. (FamilySearch Library book 942 M23was.). (FamilySearch Library book Ref 942 M3c.). Chaplain's Returns and Regimental Registers. Under the Cardwell reforms of 1881, it was renamedThe Royal Irish Regiment and became the county regiment ofKilkenny, Wexford, Waterford and Tipperary. Research use: Shows relationships and supplements information found in church records or to replace missing information because of the loss of church records. London, England: Public Record Office, 1958-59; FamilySearch Library film 824516-17.) One example is: Colledge, James J. Royal Irish Regiment (d.5th April 1917), Pte. Royal Irish Regiment, Pte Terence Sheridan Royal Irish Regiment, My dad Terence Sheridan enlisted in April 1917 age 17 years and 8 months of age. See our guide to records of British prisoners of the First World War for details of the prisoner of war records available online. Copyright of the Also a list of references of the Irish Militia from the Suffolk Chronicle and Ipswich Journal 1812-1814. We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. Thomas Patrick Flood 6th Btn. If you have already submitted a story to the site and your UID reference number is higher than 261373 your submission is still in the queue, please do not resubmit. He was facing the right way, the last round of a clip in the breech and three dead Germans in front of him. Extremely valuable in providing pedigree connections. [12], The regiment also saw action at the Battle of Alexandria in March 1801. Soldiers of the 18th Royal Irish Regiment in camp, Sebastopol, 1856, Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Marshman Havelock-Allan VC, Colonel of the Royal Irish Regiment, 1881. In addition to the 2 million or so surviving Burnt Documents there are also around 750,000 Service Records for soldiers who were discharged for medical reasons (illness or wounds) during the First World War. For service records of the Guards regiments (Coldstream Guards, Grenadier Guards, Irish Guards and Welsh Guards) visit the GOV.UK website. In some instances the cards also record gallantry awards. My first list starts on the 29 August 1914 in Herbert Hospital Woolich. These records also include soldiers who were in the British Army before August 1914 and who were eligible for an Army pension because their term of service came to an end during, or before 1920. You may be able to purchase a transcript from the ledgers which usually show: Ledgers from 1901 to 1914 also show the soldiers trade and date of enlistment. The Connaught Rangers, the Leinster Regiment, the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, the Royal Irish Regiment and the Royal Munster Fusiliers were units of the British Army, which were disbanded following the establishment of the independent Irish Free State in 1922. - Irish Great War Society is a living history society based on the Great War 1914 to 1918. Lawder Benjamin Sandys Smith MC MiD. (d.5th July 1916), Kirk Thomas. Most regiments have published histories that record the places where they served and the battles they fought. Some First World War veterans continued to serve with the army after the war and for the records of these soldiers you may need to read the advice in our guide to British Army soldiers in service after 1918. (PRO class WO 97). (FamilySearch Library book Ref 942 M2hoL 1991. Others are described in the British Military Records article. Republic of Ireland, Internet: http://www.military.ie/info-centre/military-archives. V.no. Accessibility: Those not in the FamilySearch Library are only available through correspondence, an agent, or a professional genealogist.[1]. It played an important role inthe capture of the French fortress of Namur (now in Belgium) in1695. For the service records of soldiers serving in the armies of Commonwealth countries (such as Canada, New Zealand or South Africa) you will need to contact the respective archives of those countries. In England at the time of the merger, the 87th Foot became 1st Battalion and saw action in the Egyptian campaign the following year. In 1751, it was given a regimental numeral of 18, despite being the seventh oldest Britishinfantry regiment at that time. While the 1806 return is indexed only by regiment, it is more complete and easier to search than other army records. FamilySearch Catalog, Admiralty Passing Certificates 1808-1811 extracted from the Public Record Office London. Want to find out more about your relative's service? research. [33], Due to substantial defence cuts and the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, it was agreed that the six former Southern Ireland regiments would be disbanded,[38][39] including the Royal Irish Regiment. Population coverage: Varies--very high during wartime (20%) and lower during peacetime (5%). William Henry Somers 4th Battalion Royal Irish Regiment, Pte. Officers of 3rd Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment with a captured Sinn Fein flag, Easter 1916, Soldiers visit the grave of Irish nationalist MPMajor William Redmond of6th Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment,1917. We have a large archive of soldier records. Other Records. Many officers are listed in published biographies, such as the following: The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy, 1660-1815. [3] With the simultaneous outbreak of the Irish Civil War conflict some thousands of their ex-servicemen and officers contributed to expanding the Free State government's newly formed National Army. 6th Btn. Alternatively you can search by regiment. The Medal Index Cards are the main source of information where a service record is not available and there is useful guidancethat explains the information contained within the card. Dublin, Ireland: Maunsel and Roberts, 1923. Article is in The Irish Ancestor vol. FS Library Ref. 1. pages 45-53. The Royal Irish Regiment, formerly the Royal Regiment of Ireland and the 18th Regiment of Foot, also known as the 'First and the Last'. On 12 June, five regimental colours were laid up in a ceremony at St George's Hall, Windsor Castle in the presence of HM King George V.[40] The six regiments were then all disbanded on 31 July 1922. If you wish to find out more about a soldier who served after 1920 please click on . Search for the hospital admission and discharge records () of servicemen in MH 106 on Findmypast.co.uk. Record type: Documents concerning soldiers who were discharged to pension. Accessibility: Through a researcher or a professional genealogist. [21], The 2nd Battalion, which was re-formed on 18 September 1857, began to arrive in New Zealand from 4 July 1863 and served in the Waikato and Taranaki campaigns of the New Zealand Wars. War Diaries were compiled by month for every month that the unit was on active service. (FamilySearch Library book 942 M23cs; film 908026-27.). 1979. pages 4-9. The British Army contained regiments from parts of the former colonies. Robert Reade A Coy. There are also many accounts of the main battles that took place during World War 1, but do browse with care and only use trusted websites. The 16th (Irish) Division arrived in France in April 1916 and fought in France and Flanders, in the Battles of Loos, Somme, Messines, Passchendaele, Cambrai and Kaiserschlacht when the entire division was reduced to cadre strength. Search the London Gazette on The Gazette website for the official announcements of British Army soldiers gallantry awards. A Bibliography of Regimental Histories of the British Army. WW1 & WW2 Nurses Records: 1914-1919 Royal Navy Medals 1914-1919: 1914-1919 Soldiers Died in the Great War 1914-1919: . We hope that this section has given you some useful clues to finding your Great War ancestors service history. Archives, Open Government Licence Once you know your ancestor's ship or regiment, several types of military records may help you learn about your ancestor's age, birthplace, and military career. Population coverage: Varies--very high during wartime (40%) and lower during peace time (10%). WebMaster2010. Mid-19th Century Irish Deserters in New Zealand. Stanley Harry Earthy 6th Battalion Royal Irish Regiment (d.3rd September 1916), Pte. Record type: Material relating to awarding of pensions to sailor's next of kin. If your ancestor served in the navy after 1853, search the index to continuous service engagement books. [35] Eight of the Royal Irish Regiment were killed and sixteen more wounded. Research use: Substitute for destroyed church records to locate birth dates and places. Pte. de Breffny, Brian. Record type: Annual lists of Naval officers, D. Steel, Navy List (1782-1817), List of Sea Officers (1800-1824), The Naval List (1814-present). The Absent Voter Lists enabled servicemen and women away from home to vote by proxy or by postal application. Please be note that there is an hourly charge made. Sgt. For seamen serving as midshipmen (potential officers) between 1799 and 1854, the Midshipmen's Papers list birth dates and places and parents' names. By further selecta name in the first column and clicking on it you will be presented with 'Casualty Details Page', which will providemore information. Birmingham, England: Federation of Family History Societies, 1991. We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. Christopher McManigan 2nd Btn. William Flynn 5th (Pioneer) Battalion Royal Irish Regiment (d.24th January 1918), Capt. The additional information you will get from Soldiers Died in the Great War will be where the individual was born, where he enlisted and his place of residence when he enlisted. After all is over - and the remainder of the Empire is understandably irritated with Ireland - I hope these countless Duffs, from both the North and the South, and in all three services, will be remembered. For three of those years it was joined there by a 2nd Battalion. Record type: Muster and pay lists for soldiers stationed in Irish Recruitment Depots. The Homefront. '[4] In recognition, of this, William III renamed the unit as The Royal Regiment of Foot of Ireland. (d.14th Nov 1916), Scott Robert. William Lewis 10th Battalion Royal Irish Rifles (d.1st July 1916) William James Lewis was the son of William James Lewis and Ellen Lewis of 58 Rutland Street, South Belfast. The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers was an Irish infantry regiment of the British Army formed in 1881 by the amalgamation of the 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot and the 108th Regiment of Foot (Madras Infantry). To access these records you will either need to visit usto see the documents for free at our building in Kew or, where you can identify a specificdocument reference, order a copy() to be sent to you. Consequently, pre-1922 records for Irish military personnel are mostly British. Patrick McAllister 6th Btn. He was mobilised for Great War and arrived in France on the 7th of October. For details of other online First World War records, see the Records in other archives and organisations listed below. Includes certificates of birth and marriage, and information about addresses and circumstances of the beneficiaries. Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. Pte. They record the address, service number and regimental details of each person. Research use: Mainly a research tool to find place of birth and movements of individual soldiers. They proceeded to France in December 1915, landing at le Havre and concentrating in the Bethune area. If your family member was a prisoner of war then series WO161/98 should be consulted. If you have a general question please post it on our Facebook page. 2006. Although it had been formed in 1684,it had only entered the English establishment in 1689.
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