Org Chart Jetstar - The Official Board About us | Qantas US 4.3 Organizational Designs and Structures - OpenStax The various professional responsibilities which he has shouldered in his career include heading the National Security College at the Australian National University, being the Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and Australian High Commissioner to the UK from the year 2000 to 2005. It mostly gives the credit of its success to its fellow Australians, who have helped the company achieve greater heights in its rollercoaster ride of success. The Jetstar group in totality provides a count of over 4000 flights per week to over 75 destinations spread across 17 countries. Jetstar Airways' Marketing Strategy Implementation Report Olivia is on the Board of UNICEF Australia. Richard Goyder was appointed to the Qantas Board in November 2017 and asChairman in October 2018. Its founding chairman was Fergus McMaster and in his words Qantas was inspired by the spirit of ANZAC. Mr Goyder is Chairman of Woodside Energy Group Ltd, the Australian Football League Commission, the West Australian Symphony Orchestra, and of the Channel 7 Telethon Trust. The details mentioned further can be highly lucrative for students to write their college assignment and for getting assignment help in Australia. Mr Goyder was the Managing Director and CEO of Wesfarmers Limited from July 2005 to November 2017. This is believed to be a great style to boost the performance of the team members, as it clears out the aim of the team and gives them a descriptive path to work accordingly. On long haul flights (Boeing 787-8)economy class passengers can choose to pre-purchase a variety of meals, entertainment, and comfort options to customise their flight experience. The responsibilities and experience of our Board of Directors and Group Management Committee. He is also the chairman of prominent companies including the West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Woodside Petroleum Limited, JDRF Australia, Channel 7 Telethon Trust and the Australian Football League Commission. These subsidiary airlines are run by their own regional CEOs and Gareth Even is the CEO of the whole Jetstar group. Prior to that, he was Executive Director of the Menzies Research Centre. Since we launched in Australia in 2004, weve carried more than 250 million passengers. (Hunter 2006) The benefit and reward system at Jetstar include access to a range of finance, health and wellbeing programs for balancing and managing stress, fatigue and finances. (Qantas 2019) Jetstar is using cost leadership strategy where the business trying have the lowest cost in the industry to compete in broad market. The literature review discusses the limited number of studies of the carrier-within-a-carrier (CWC)or "airline-within-an-airline" (AWA)approach, in which researchers have identified the difficulties involved in establishing two separate airlines on different business platforms that share the . Then, there is a manager appointed to oversee the team assigned to complete each project. (Disclaimer: The reference papers provided by Assignmenthelp4me.com help in serving as a model paper for students. BA (Syd), MA (Oxon) | Independent Non-Executive Director Age: 70. Best Perceived Value -Domestic Transportation Category 2014, 2013 (Japanese Customer Satisfaction IndexSurvey). At Jetstar, the environment is fast-paced and ever-changing. The board of the Qantas management structure is headed by a 10-member board committee of which Richard Goyder is the chairman and Alan Joyce is the CEO of Qantas Airlines. (Anthony, Perrewe & Kacmar 1999 p.664) There was a controversial issue of Jetstarusing foreign cabin crews on domestic routes and paying them with lower rate. The leadership style of Alan Joyce has always been the talk of the town. He joined the Qantas Group in 2013 and has held a number of roles including Chief Operating Officer for Qantas and Executive Director at Jetstar Japan. An organizational structure allows companies to shape their business model according to several criteria (like products, segments, geography, and so on) that would enable information to flow through the organizational layers for better decision-making, cultural development, and goal alignment across employees, managers, and executives. Eight-member Board comprises a majority of independent Non-Executive Directors who, together with the Executive Director (Group CEO), have extensive experience and diverse perspectives. On 27 February 2023, Qantas announced changes to the Group Management Committee, as the national carrier moves into a new phase of growth and renewal. The Jetstar Group has four codeshare partners on select Jetstar routes, being Qantas, Japan Airlines, Emirates and American Airlines. Our airline brands operate regional, domestic and international services. Transformational leaders are the ones inspire change and innovation. Collectively the Jetstar Group has a schedule of flights to more than 58destinations in 18countries and territories as outlined below. "Several of the new appointments replace contractors or fill. She was formerly Chairman of QBE Insurance Limited, a Director of Telstra Corporation Limited, Coles Group Limited, Crane Group Limited, Energy Australia Limited, TAB Limited, Snowy Hydro Trading Limited, Sydney Water and AGL Energy. Even has the vision to grow and innovate the airline through four key areas: more collaboration with Qantas Airways, improving technology, customer service and expanding international routes. Section 1. Organizational Structure: An Overview - Community Tool Box The airlines colours, orange, silver and black were chosen for their bold and modern feel. Jetstar's new loyalty program in Singapore was live on Jetstar.com. He is Chair of the Nominations Committee. (Samson, Donnet & Daft 2017 pp.125-127) Jetstar mention their organisational culture as safe and responsible but adventurous, can-do attitude and energetically efficient, working as one team, caring and passionate about enjoyment while operating in fast-paced and ever-changing environment. It was from the two prestigious Universities namely- the University of Sydney and The Oxford University that he gained his academic qualifications and got himself ready to serve the world. Andrew leads teams with responsibility for the management of legal, governance, compliance and business integrity, industrial relations, remuneration and benefits, and corporate affairs across the Qantas Group. Also, she is the director of Cricket Australia and AGL Energy Limited. Qantas is using portfolio and diversification strategy and focus on premium Business market while Jetstar is focusing on leisure market. Todd Sampson was appointed to the Qantas Board in February 2015. (Hill & Jones 2015 p.417) To become an effective organisation, the corporate culture must be aligned with their business strategy and the requirements of their external environment. Andrew David has been a proven leader in the airline industry for over 30 years, culminating in his current role as CEO of Qantas Domestic, International and Freight businesses. The vision for the company was crystal clear to fly overseas and rule the world. BApplSc(Phy)(Math)(Hons), MSc(MgtSc), MA, FRAeS, FTSE. Jetstar airway is a leading low cost carrier and the third largest airline in Australia. Prior to this, Mr Tyler spent over 30 years with Cathay Pacific Airways Limited. Independent Non-Executive Director, Maxine Brenner was appointed to the Qantas Board in August 2013. The adaptability culture is about how company can react and adapt the environment by responding in new behaviour. Involvement culture values equity and cooperation among employees and put the priority in meeting their needs. In 2004, we launched Jetstar in Australia - a low cost carrier that has since grown to five Jetstar-branded airlines operating across Asia Pacific. He manages all these sectors for the Qantas group on a worldwide scale. Mr Joyce spent eight years at Aer Lingus, where he held roles in sales, marketing, IT, network planning, operations research, revenue management and fleet planning. Hierarchical and flat organisational structures - BBC Bitesize Rob Marcolina joined Qantas in October 2012 as Executive Manager Strategy, with a role that has now expanded to include responsibility for driving the overall strategy of the Qantas Group, human resources and Qantas IT. Speaking Polymath's content originality, depth of research and connectivity with readers set it apart from other content publishing platforms that lack perspective. Also, its main aim to deliver highly sustainable benefits to all its shareholders. A subsidiary of Qantas Airways which falls into the Qantas Airports and Catering group, is fully owned by Qantas. Absolutely, the company has crossed over the 100 years mark and has proudly served the Australian citizens and the people from around the world, with its world class facilities. - Include a relevant passage (direct quotation) from the Jetstar case study with formal referencing of the case study REFER TO: The carrier within a carrier strategy: An analysis of Jetstar pp. The leadership of QANTAS has been highly recognised and valued in the business world. Jetstar Asia Airways, based in Singapore and managed by Newstar Holdings, majority-owned by Singapore company Westbrook Investments (51 per cent), with the Qantas Group holding the remaining 49 per cent. Passengers of Australian low-cost airline Jetstar can now book seats on IndiGo flights as an interline agreement between the carriers went live on Wednesday, according to a statement. Organizational Structure: The Complete Guide To Organizational A man responsible for all the public affairs of the QANTAS group, Andrew Parker is the Group Executive for Government, industry, international and sustainability. It is with the commencement of such a working atmosphere that organisations can learn to produce high profits along with earning the trust and confidence of its employees. (Qantas 2019) By applying the management theories to test Jetstars strategy success, it can be concluded that the strategy implementations are aligned with their Leadership, organisational culture, organisational structure and human resource policies and it is the integral element of success in organisation. Group Executive, Associated Airlines and Services. He has also worked in travel retail and as a strategy consultant. Jetstar Asia Airways, based in Singapore and managed by Newstar Holdings, majority-owned by Singapore company Westbrook Investments (51 per cent), with the Qantas Group holding the remaining 49 per cent. He held the position of Executive Manager, Group Safety and Health between 2009 and 2012, following six years at Jetstar as the Group General Manager, Flight Operations and Safety where he was a founding member of the Jetstar senior management team in 2004. He is Chair of the Safety, Health, Environment and Security Committee,and a member of the Nominations Committee. He is also the Chairman of Treasury Wine Estates Limited, a Director of Murdoch Childrens research institute and a Director of Boral Limited. As rightly said by Albert Einstein, learning is a never ending process. Jetstar Regional Services Pte Ltd, BRN: 201229688K. It also minimizes costs through operational efficiency by allowing freestyle seating and a thirty-minute flight close out to get the maximum efficiency of aircraft and labour by optimising efficiency in check-in and boarding. These information does not align with Jetstars value for wellbeing of their employees as they mention on their website. (Jetstar 2019) This type of culture fall into the category of involvement culture but at the same time, Jetstar is using adaptability culture to respond the fast-changing environment by encouraging team members to utilize their different skills and experience and be innovative and adventurous. QANTAS is recognised as one of the strongest and most dependable long distance airlines of the world. Customers can choose between two types of fares Economy or Business (on selected international flights). The Corporate must provide Jetstar with all information requested by Jetstar promptly upon receipt of the request. has 70 executives and 5 subsidiaries +61 296 913 636; Add an executive. Andrew previously worked in public affairs, government andjournalism. We acknowledge the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Traditional Custodians of the land on which we work, live and fly. The structure of the paper is as follows. Our leadership | Qantas AU The hard model of HRM focus more on task and monitoring and control are important part of the management process. Antony Tyler, is the Chairman of the Safety, Health, Environment and Security Committee and also a member of the Nominations Committee. In 1938, full cabin service was introduced in empire flying boats which linked the two majors Sydney and Singapore. Telstra - Leadership team - Our company Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis (2015) mentions when the organisations strategic goals align with human resource strategies, the overall performance of the organisation improves including increasing human productivity and higher financial results. The brand operates more than 2000 flights in a week to various metropolitan and business destinations of Australia. Study for free with our range of university lectures! Moira Asteroid Astrology, Do Julia And Fidel End Up Together, George Costigan Obituary, 1851 Colt Navy Made In Italy, When Does Intermission Occur In A Play, Articles J
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jetstar organisational structure

He is a Member of the Safety, Health, Environment and Security Committee. She also practised as a lawyer with Freehill Hollingdale & Page (now Herbert Smith Freehills), where she specialised in corporate work, and spent several years as a lecturer in the Faculty of Law at both the University of NSW and the University of Sydney. in AE Eaton (ed. He works closely with his managers at his Melbourne office where he moves around his desk and sit with different teams showing his support and providing energy to motivate them at the same time which is also a high relationship task behaviour. Jetstar Japan Co., Ltd. Jetstar Holidays K.K. Looking for a flexible role? He has held senior leadership and strategy roles for a number of leading communication companies in Australia and overseas, including as Managing Partner for DArcy, Strategy Director for The Campaign Palace and Head of Strategy for DDB Needham Worldwide. (Clegg, Kornberger & Pitsis 2015 p.165) According to Michael Porter, the common organisational requirements for overall cost leadership in HRM should be tight cost control, frequent and detailed control reports, structured organisation and responsibilities and incentives based on meeting strict quantitative targets. Andrew Finch joined Qantas in 2012 and is the Qantas Groups General Counsel and Group Executive, Office of the CEO, as well as Company Secretary. At both Qantas and Ansett, he led the network planning, schedules planning and network strategy functions. (Coulter 2013 pp.133-134 ) The mission of Jetstar airline is to provide the low air fares to the customers which will enable them to fly more often to more destinations. View MGNT Essay 3: Jetstar from MGNT 110 at University of Wollongong. The group consists of: Jetstar Airways in Australia and New Zealand, wholly owned by the Qantas Group. In a 20-year career in corporate relations, Andrew has worked across the public and private sector in a range of industries, including utilities, major infrastructure and public transport as well as a period of time in consulting. Orgnaisational Structure at Jetstar Airlines Jetstar Airlines is existing in the Asia Pacific region through association and partnership with various other companies operating in different countries. They are visionary like charismatic leaders but they stay for and provide energy and support during the change process. In Australia and New Zealand, Jet Airways is wholly owned by Qantas Group, whereas Jetstar Asia, Jetstar Pacific and Jetstar Japan are in partnership with Singapore company Westbrook Investments, Vietnam Airlines and Japan Airlines, Mitsubishi Corporation and Tokyo Century Corporation, respectively. CEOs of the Jetstar network of airlines are: short biography of each of these executives. Further, in 1996, he joined Ansett Australia and shifted to Australia. Its constant expansion programs and new ventures, further motivate the employees to stay connected with the goal of the company and visualise their personal as well as the professional growth with the developmental chart of the group. Speaking Polymath is a vibrant and insightful blogging platform that presents intelligible articles and extensive guides on a wide spectrum of academic and corporate fundamentals. He is Chair of the Nominations Committee. According to Qantas annual report FY2018, Jetstar Group reported underlying EBIT of $461 million, a record result in an increasing fuel price environment and Jetstar Domestic delivered record earnings of $311 million which shows Jetstar is achieving its financial goals and having improvements. After that there has been no looking back for the man. Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. It also collaborated with. Markus holds an MBA from Australian Graduate School of Management and a Master of Science in Industrial Engineering and Management from University of Linkoping, Sweden. He is the man who has received the award The companion of the order of Australia, the highest honour for his services to the mankind, aviation sector, gender equality and community. Org Chart Jetstar - The Official Board About us | Qantas US 4.3 Organizational Designs and Structures - OpenStax The various professional responsibilities which he has shouldered in his career include heading the National Security College at the Australian National University, being the Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and Australian High Commissioner to the UK from the year 2000 to 2005. It mostly gives the credit of its success to its fellow Australians, who have helped the company achieve greater heights in its rollercoaster ride of success. The Jetstar group in totality provides a count of over 4000 flights per week to over 75 destinations spread across 17 countries. Jetstar Airways' Marketing Strategy Implementation Report Olivia is on the Board of UNICEF Australia. Richard Goyder was appointed to the Qantas Board in November 2017 and asChairman in October 2018. Its founding chairman was Fergus McMaster and in his words Qantas was inspired by the spirit of ANZAC. Mr Goyder is Chairman of Woodside Energy Group Ltd, the Australian Football League Commission, the West Australian Symphony Orchestra, and of the Channel 7 Telethon Trust. The details mentioned further can be highly lucrative for students to write their college assignment and for getting assignment help in Australia. Mr Goyder was the Managing Director and CEO of Wesfarmers Limited from July 2005 to November 2017. This is believed to be a great style to boost the performance of the team members, as it clears out the aim of the team and gives them a descriptive path to work accordingly. On long haul flights (Boeing 787-8)economy class passengers can choose to pre-purchase a variety of meals, entertainment, and comfort options to customise their flight experience. The responsibilities and experience of our Board of Directors and Group Management Committee. He is also the chairman of prominent companies including the West Australian Symphony Orchestra, Woodside Petroleum Limited, JDRF Australia, Channel 7 Telethon Trust and the Australian Football League Commission. These subsidiary airlines are run by their own regional CEOs and Gareth Even is the CEO of the whole Jetstar group. Prior to that, he was Executive Director of the Menzies Research Centre. Since we launched in Australia in 2004, weve carried more than 250 million passengers. (Hunter 2006) The benefit and reward system at Jetstar include access to a range of finance, health and wellbeing programs for balancing and managing stress, fatigue and finances. (Qantas 2019) Jetstar is using cost leadership strategy where the business trying have the lowest cost in the industry to compete in broad market. The literature review discusses the limited number of studies of the carrier-within-a-carrier (CWC)or "airline-within-an-airline" (AWA)approach, in which researchers have identified the difficulties involved in establishing two separate airlines on different business platforms that share the . Then, there is a manager appointed to oversee the team assigned to complete each project. (Disclaimer: The reference papers provided by Assignmenthelp4me.com help in serving as a model paper for students. BA (Syd), MA (Oxon) | Independent Non-Executive Director Age: 70. Best Perceived Value -Domestic Transportation Category 2014, 2013 (Japanese Customer Satisfaction IndexSurvey). At Jetstar, the environment is fast-paced and ever-changing. The board of the Qantas management structure is headed by a 10-member board committee of which Richard Goyder is the chairman and Alan Joyce is the CEO of Qantas Airlines. (Anthony, Perrewe & Kacmar 1999 p.664) There was a controversial issue of Jetstarusing foreign cabin crews on domestic routes and paying them with lower rate. The leadership style of Alan Joyce has always been the talk of the town. He joined the Qantas Group in 2013 and has held a number of roles including Chief Operating Officer for Qantas and Executive Director at Jetstar Japan. An organizational structure allows companies to shape their business model according to several criteria (like products, segments, geography, and so on) that would enable information to flow through the organizational layers for better decision-making, cultural development, and goal alignment across employees, managers, and executives. Eight-member Board comprises a majority of independent Non-Executive Directors who, together with the Executive Director (Group CEO), have extensive experience and diverse perspectives. On 27 February 2023, Qantas announced changes to the Group Management Committee, as the national carrier moves into a new phase of growth and renewal. The Jetstar Group has four codeshare partners on select Jetstar routes, being Qantas, Japan Airlines, Emirates and American Airlines. Our airline brands operate regional, domestic and international services. Transformational leaders are the ones inspire change and innovation. Collectively the Jetstar Group has a schedule of flights to more than 58destinations in 18countries and territories as outlined below. "Several of the new appointments replace contractors or fill. She was formerly Chairman of QBE Insurance Limited, a Director of Telstra Corporation Limited, Coles Group Limited, Crane Group Limited, Energy Australia Limited, TAB Limited, Snowy Hydro Trading Limited, Sydney Water and AGL Energy. Even has the vision to grow and innovate the airline through four key areas: more collaboration with Qantas Airways, improving technology, customer service and expanding international routes. Section 1. Organizational Structure: An Overview - Community Tool Box The airlines colours, orange, silver and black were chosen for their bold and modern feel. Jetstar's new loyalty program in Singapore was live on Jetstar.com. He is Chair of the Nominations Committee. (Samson, Donnet & Daft 2017 pp.125-127) Jetstar mention their organisational culture as safe and responsible but adventurous, can-do attitude and energetically efficient, working as one team, caring and passionate about enjoyment while operating in fast-paced and ever-changing environment. It was from the two prestigious Universities namely- the University of Sydney and The Oxford University that he gained his academic qualifications and got himself ready to serve the world. Andrew leads teams with responsibility for the management of legal, governance, compliance and business integrity, industrial relations, remuneration and benefits, and corporate affairs across the Qantas Group. Also, she is the director of Cricket Australia and AGL Energy Limited. Qantas is using portfolio and diversification strategy and focus on premium Business market while Jetstar is focusing on leisure market. Todd Sampson was appointed to the Qantas Board in February 2015. (Hill & Jones 2015 p.417) To become an effective organisation, the corporate culture must be aligned with their business strategy and the requirements of their external environment. Andrew David has been a proven leader in the airline industry for over 30 years, culminating in his current role as CEO of Qantas Domestic, International and Freight businesses. The vision for the company was crystal clear to fly overseas and rule the world. BApplSc(Phy)(Math)(Hons), MSc(MgtSc), MA, FRAeS, FTSE. Jetstar airway is a leading low cost carrier and the third largest airline in Australia. Prior to this, Mr Tyler spent over 30 years with Cathay Pacific Airways Limited. Independent Non-Executive Director, Maxine Brenner was appointed to the Qantas Board in August 2013. The adaptability culture is about how company can react and adapt the environment by responding in new behaviour. Involvement culture values equity and cooperation among employees and put the priority in meeting their needs. In 2004, we launched Jetstar in Australia - a low cost carrier that has since grown to five Jetstar-branded airlines operating across Asia Pacific. He manages all these sectors for the Qantas group on a worldwide scale. Mr Joyce spent eight years at Aer Lingus, where he held roles in sales, marketing, IT, network planning, operations research, revenue management and fleet planning. Hierarchical and flat organisational structures - BBC Bitesize Rob Marcolina joined Qantas in October 2012 as Executive Manager Strategy, with a role that has now expanded to include responsibility for driving the overall strategy of the Qantas Group, human resources and Qantas IT. Speaking Polymath's content originality, depth of research and connectivity with readers set it apart from other content publishing platforms that lack perspective. Also, its main aim to deliver highly sustainable benefits to all its shareholders. A subsidiary of Qantas Airways which falls into the Qantas Airports and Catering group, is fully owned by Qantas. Absolutely, the company has crossed over the 100 years mark and has proudly served the Australian citizens and the people from around the world, with its world class facilities. - Include a relevant passage (direct quotation) from the Jetstar case study with formal referencing of the case study REFER TO: The carrier within a carrier strategy: An analysis of Jetstar pp. The leadership of QANTAS has been highly recognised and valued in the business world. Jetstar Asia Airways, based in Singapore and managed by Newstar Holdings, majority-owned by Singapore company Westbrook Investments (51 per cent), with the Qantas Group holding the remaining 49 per cent. Passengers of Australian low-cost airline Jetstar can now book seats on IndiGo flights as an interline agreement between the carriers went live on Wednesday, according to a statement. Organizational Structure: The Complete Guide To Organizational A man responsible for all the public affairs of the QANTAS group, Andrew Parker is the Group Executive for Government, industry, international and sustainability. It is with the commencement of such a working atmosphere that organisations can learn to produce high profits along with earning the trust and confidence of its employees. (Qantas 2019) By applying the management theories to test Jetstars strategy success, it can be concluded that the strategy implementations are aligned with their Leadership, organisational culture, organisational structure and human resource policies and it is the integral element of success in organisation. Group Executive, Associated Airlines and Services. He has also worked in travel retail and as a strategy consultant. Jetstar Asia Airways, based in Singapore and managed by Newstar Holdings, majority-owned by Singapore company Westbrook Investments (51 per cent), with the Qantas Group holding the remaining 49 per cent. He held the position of Executive Manager, Group Safety and Health between 2009 and 2012, following six years at Jetstar as the Group General Manager, Flight Operations and Safety where he was a founding member of the Jetstar senior management team in 2004. He is Chair of the Safety, Health, Environment and Security Committee,and a member of the Nominations Committee. He is also the Chairman of Treasury Wine Estates Limited, a Director of Murdoch Childrens research institute and a Director of Boral Limited. As rightly said by Albert Einstein, learning is a never ending process. Jetstar Regional Services Pte Ltd, BRN: 201229688K. It also minimizes costs through operational efficiency by allowing freestyle seating and a thirty-minute flight close out to get the maximum efficiency of aircraft and labour by optimising efficiency in check-in and boarding. These information does not align with Jetstars value for wellbeing of their employees as they mention on their website. (Jetstar 2019) This type of culture fall into the category of involvement culture but at the same time, Jetstar is using adaptability culture to respond the fast-changing environment by encouraging team members to utilize their different skills and experience and be innovative and adventurous. QANTAS is recognised as one of the strongest and most dependable long distance airlines of the world. Customers can choose between two types of fares Economy or Business (on selected international flights). The Corporate must provide Jetstar with all information requested by Jetstar promptly upon receipt of the request. has 70 executives and 5 subsidiaries +61 296 913 636; Add an executive. Andrew previously worked in public affairs, government andjournalism. We acknowledge the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Traditional Custodians of the land on which we work, live and fly. The structure of the paper is as follows. Our leadership | Qantas AU The hard model of HRM focus more on task and monitoring and control are important part of the management process. Antony Tyler, is the Chairman of the Safety, Health, Environment and Security Committee and also a member of the Nominations Committee. In 1938, full cabin service was introduced in empire flying boats which linked the two majors Sydney and Singapore. Telstra - Leadership team - Our company Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis (2015) mentions when the organisations strategic goals align with human resource strategies, the overall performance of the organisation improves including increasing human productivity and higher financial results. The brand operates more than 2000 flights in a week to various metropolitan and business destinations of Australia. Study for free with our range of university lectures!

Moira Asteroid Astrology, Do Julia And Fidel End Up Together, George Costigan Obituary, 1851 Colt Navy Made In Italy, When Does Intermission Occur In A Play, Articles J