Gods and Myths of Northern Europe - Goodreads Germanic culture extended, at various times, from the Black Sea to Greenland, or even the North American continent. Norse Mythology: The Unofficial Guide on Apple Podcasts Folklore Tales from the North of England Every Visitor Should Know Myths of the Dawn on Twitter: "In fact, the roots of Elves go Webstitions current among the people in northern Europe, following in the wake of John Aubrey's Romaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, written in 1687, of Brand's Observations Even today, there are many people, regardless of age, who believe and follow unspoken rules and habits because of superstitions. Browse articles. Northern If youve evertraveled around Slovenia, you may have noticed several dragons in the capital city of Ljubljana. Once at the top, the views of the city are impressive. published on 21 November 2018. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. famous legends and myths of europe: northern europe. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. It is a long and comprehensive account of the origin of the cosmos, the gods, and their rise and fall. Hilda Davidson (1912-2006) was a lecturer and Vice-President of Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge. In all areas of religious studies, Numen publishes articles, book reviews, review articles, and survey articles. Two gods were interested, namely the goddess Athena and the god Poseidon. Perhaps the most important and striking of these tales is Voluspa, addressed to Odin by a seeress. Some Norse mythology enthusiasts are strangely terrified of Christian influence in our sources. Sherwood Forest is at the center of the legend of Robin Hood, and you can get familiar with the tale on any visit. WebDepending as it does upon the transmission from person to person and being subject to the skill or the lack of skill of those who pass it on and to the many influences, physical or social, that consciously or unconsciously affect a tradition, what may be observed is a history of continual change. WebNorse Mythology The stories that have come down to us as Norse myths developed throughout Northern Europe as part of an oral tradition dating from the eighth to the eleventh centuries. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. A century later, it was inspired by peasant revolt leader Matija Gubec. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. The Rosstrappe is a craggy hill in the Harz mountain range in Central Germany. their god of thunder) not with statues but by worshipping oaks instead. Please try again later. These realms are subdivided into nine worlds, peopled variously by gods, slain warriors, elves, humans, dwarves, giants, and the dead. date the date you are citing the material. All of the poems are written in characteristic meters derived from the practices of oral storytelling. History comes from ancient sagas and the landscape is formed through these tales. The castle is built on a rocky promontory overlooking the valley, but that is where the similarities stop. "1 A record1 from 1917 ascribes the damage done by seals to Here's How 'The Witcher' Was Inspired by European Folklore | Time WebAbout Gods and Myths of Northern Europe Surveys the pre-Christian beliefs of the Scandinavian and Germanic peoples. Unfortunately, it was too late, and both of them died. For me, it's not about ticking destinations off the bucket list but experiencing each one of them to the fullest. rev2023.5.1.43405. date the date you are citing the material. The second date is today's Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. She accepted, but only if he built her Russias tallest tower in seven days. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. WebIn Europe, ravens are seen as harbingers of misfortune, while to North Americas Indigenous people, they are central to creation myths. publication in traditional print. By Anda from Travel for a While. WebKniha Gods and myths of northern Europe, 1990 z druh ruky. Saxo Grammaticus's History of the Danes, Old Icelandic sagas, primarily family histories and genealogies, and other historical accounts round out the picture. The rest think it is better not to totally deny their existencejust in case. There are quite a few Maltese legends out there, including one that says that Malta is the lost city of Atlantis (mainly because its home to some of the oldest man-made structures in the world), but the most famous one has to be about Saint Paul and the Venomous Viper. In a society in the climate of north-western Europe during the first millennium, with rather primitive agriculture, without supermarkets and without refrigerators, people were much more dependent on the rebirth of nature in spring for their food supplies. Awaiting in the distant, Tatar lands resides Syembik, the beautiful Queen of the Kazan Khanate. I will try to focus on that next time I do a trip , Thanks for participating! Also the Greek God of thunder, Zeus, was worshipped in an oak tree at the ancient oracle of Dodona. As the weather was hot in summer, one of them dived from the cliff into the water to refresh herself. The reason there are some times similarities that occasionally pop up through some cultures are brief encounters with these tribes whom are there ancestors passing back through areas that settled and developed more advanced ways to record their beliefs. It is known to be a Scandinavian religion, still practiced today in some parts of Scandinavia and parts of Germany, during the middle ages, before the time of Christianity. They wanted some peace and decided to randomly sacrifice one person each day to feed him. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Mythology & Folklore Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for enthusiasts and scholars of mythology and folklore. @LaurenIpsum as well as the fact that Vikings invaded the Celtic lands (albeit by this time Celtic paganism was barely being practiced, if at all). Although it dates back millions of years ago, a local legend says that it all started with a wedding between two young people. Raven Folklore 2/ 27 Apr 2023 16:38:28 Like most all regions through time regime changes have people who question the changes the new leaders and the ones who mange to leave the region to keep the origins of their faith the same they travel long distances. Perhaps if you go by some long lost Indo-European root you can argue they are related, but then you could argue Greek and Slavic are related too. Obsessed with anything Spain-related, I'm always planning my next trip (and the excitement alone can bring tears to my eyes, not that it's difficult to make me cry). As legend has it, those deemed worthy by the fairy mainly descendants of the ancient mariners and Kotors founders are granted a special gift. The places that had less change in the original beliefs would have common origins. WebMythology is the perfect way for kids to learn the historic stories behind today's popular mythical characters. It reviews current scholarship in a wide range of adjacent disciplines including cultural studies, popular culture, cultural anthropology, ethnology, and social history. According to the tale, Jrat is a sea goddess who lives in a palace on the ocean floor, made entirely of amber. His wish was fulfilled, and the water that still appears in this place is believed to be his tears. They are strongly alliterative, with the accent on the first syllable of each word. Nonetheless, this was the ambitious goal set by the SYMBODIN project, undertaken with the support of the Marie Skodowska-Curie Actions programme. When the Far North Inspires Fantasy | Fantasy - BnF Request Permissions. Frequently, she gave bread and other supplies to the poor. Surely Alkima was a wise fairy to encourage a life by the sea! In January? Numen - the official journal of the International Association for the History of Religions (IAHR) - is one of the world's leading journals devoted to the academic study of religions. Germanic religion and mythology and myths His legend was used particularly to emphasize Danish identity against a dominant German culture, including operas and a short story from Hans Christian Anderson. The giants and the gods were enemies and much of the drama of the myths centers around their conflicts and, more generally, conflicts resulting from contact between disparate worlds. There are even tribes that go back thousands of years that are completely Norse-Gaelic or I guess in that guess it being before Norse-Gaels, they'd be Celto-Germanic tribes and ones would integrate with the other and assimilate and become full Gaelic or vice versa full Germanic. How dare you lie to me?. If you walk by the University in Wroclaw, Poland, you cannot miss the fountain right in front. By Allon from Its Sometimes Sunny in Bangor. He was known as Ogier the Dane in the Song of Roland and appeared in many other late Middle Ages works. The last date is today's They represent the work of many authors over several centuries, most likely dating back to anywhere from 850 to 1000. Eigenvalues of position operator in higher dimensions is vector, not scalar? What does 'They're at four. But the worlds are different, the foundation myths are different, the gods are very different, the philosophies and afterlife are very different and the apocalypse is very different. the cultures being so close to each other and spread across all of Europe makes a lot of sense why each group Germanic or Celtic have such similarities in culture and myth. Paraphrased from "Sagas of the Northmen Viking and German Myth" by Time-Life 1997: The Anglo-Saxons and Scandavians were both branches of Germanic peoples. From the statues by Dragon Bridge to the dragon on the citys coat of arms, Ljubljana takes pride in being the city of dragons. The Lost Beliefs of Northern Europe - Google Books What is the description of the appearance of the mythological Kraken? The second is the date of Germanic religion and mythology, complex of stories, lore, and beliefs about the gods and the nature of the cosmos developed by the Germanic-speaking peoples MYTHS AND LEGENDS FROM EUROPE: EASTERN EUROPE AND THE BALKANS, THE STONE WEDDING/THE PETRIFIED WEDDING, BULGARIA. Myths Building on two centuries' experience, Taylor & Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher.The Group publishes over 800 journals and over 1,800 new books each year, coveringa wide variety of subject areas and incorporating the journal imprints of Routledge,Carfax, Spon Press, Psychology Press, Martin Dunitz, and Taylor & Francis.Taylor & Francis is fully committed to the publication and dissemination of scholarly information of the highest quality, and today this remains the primary goal. With the earth turning green again, and plants getting leaves out of nowhere, it doesnt seem such an illogical step to represent the god responsible for this as a green man surrounded by leaves. Encompassing both mythological tales of the gods and heroic tales of warriors and leaders, the Norse mythological tradition offers insights into both the religious beliefs and the history of the cultures of Northern Europe between the fall of the Roman Empire and the birth of early modern national cultures. This famous picture sparked an international sensation and people speculated that the creature was a plesiosaur a marine reptile that went extinct about 65 million years ago. The vikings believed in norse mythology or Germanic was the term the Romans used to refer to the barbarian tribes of central and northern Europe that were not Celts. In Ancient Greece, there was a contest to decide which god would control the city of Athens. Collection. We care about our planet! Elves were blamed, and as a result, some building projects can take a long time to finalize. The Celts, Norse, Germans, and Gauls can all be traced back to same basic origin at very different times in migrations to the north and back down. During their travels, they stopped at a large lake near the source of the Ljubljanica. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Pears Encyclopedia of Myths and Legends: Western and Northern Europe Hardback at the best online prices at eBay! Can anyone explain the basic concepts of this Nordic mythololgical poetry? Today, the Rooster of Barcelos is an emblem for Portugueseamor da vidaand is a ubiquitous symbol, brought to life in ceramic and embroidered onto linen to maketraditional Portuguese souvenirs. Many bookshops in Prague also sellbooks about golems. Because of his impure thoughts, nature turned everyone into stone, except for the groom, who cried and begged to join his love. The most well known sources are the Eddas. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. To redeem, copy and paste the code during the checkout process. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. by Marion Wadowski. With his association with thunder and lightning, which bring rain for crops, he is also linked with fertility, as is Frey, the god of plenty, fertility, prosperity, and the weather. It is these people, known as the "Northmen," who told and preserved the stories of the old gods and inspired many of the heroic legends that form the basis of Norse mythology. According to all the historians, this is a legend attributed to account for her decreased popularity in France. How were trolls created in Norse mythology? It was during these years that the northernmost of the old Indo-European tribes began to move south into England and Western Europe, and as far west as Iceland and the North American continent, in the relentless Viking raids. I'm a passionate traveler with a severe coffee, chocolate, and pastry addiction (or any other carb for that matter). City Of Concord Nc Staff Directory, Les Liens D'ames Flammes Jumelles, Sunny Treadmill Oil Reset, Articles N
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northern europe influence to mythology and folklore

Norse mythology, the stories of gods and heroes from in and around the Viking Age (c. 790 - c. This contest took place in the Acropolis, which you should definitely visit when you are in the city, even if you only have, In the small Baltic country of Lithuania, one of the most, EUROPEAN LEGENDS AND MYTHS: CENTRAL EUROPE, Today, you can find little golems throughout the Jewish quarter and shops named for him. Given their Gale Cengage By the seventh century, Christianity had spread widely throughout the British Isles and Western Europe. At nightfall, the chosen ones can enjoy a beautiful vision of Alkima resting atop The Fairys Gate. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. An old witch was brought to figure out what had happened, and he said that a giant wizard, whose route passes along the castle, turned it upside down and used it as a table. What is Tr Jovincon in Celtic Mythology? So he struck the palace, killing Kastytis, and till this day, Jrat cries in the ruins of her palace, and her tears wash ashore on the Lithuanian coastline as delicate amber. ), Uralics, Slavs ~ These are just to name those I can remember without inquiry, and is not limited to European peoples, if one observes carefully, the world is full of allusions to the once great "core" cultures of the most distant past (Indo-European is a fallacy, derived from inaccurate reconstruction based on a misunderstanding of lingua franca languages and the koine which may develop from them such as Sanskrit, as being purely original and therefore related via common ancestry). dedicated to the myth including a weeklong festival at Sherwood Forest in honor of the icon and his merry men. The last story is about his conflict with God, so he is captured under mountain Peca, Caranthania (Slovenia). When King Nimrods (Ancient Mesopotamias king) twins Hunor and Magor went for a day of hunting, they spotted a white stag. If you visit the Tower of London, youll see one or two of the seven famous ravens wandering the grounds. This is where youll see your current point status and your earned rewards. 42 days later, Kazan fell. In southern Bulgaria, theres a unique stone formation called The Stone Wedding. But she started to drown, so her sister jumped off the cliff to rescue her. Did you enjoy these legends and myths in Europe? Latin culture remained dominant and the fall of the Roman Empire did not stop the spread of Christianity. He was the one that brought an age of prosperity. The two became lovers and spent many happy days together. So, the next time you visit London, be sure to visit the Tower of London, and as well as coming face to face with one of the Ravens, you may very well come face to face with one of the ghosts in the Tower. As she saw the drought and heard peoples prayers, she made it rain so hard and for so long that the Black River was flowing again, creating lakes and waterfalls. Gods and Myths of Northern Europe - Goodreads Germanic culture extended, at various times, from the Black Sea to Greenland, or even the North American continent. Norse Mythology: The Unofficial Guide on Apple Podcasts Folklore Tales from the North of England Every Visitor Should Know Myths of the Dawn on Twitter: "In fact, the roots of Elves go Webstitions current among the people in northern Europe, following in the wake of John Aubrey's Romaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, written in 1687, of Brand's Observations Even today, there are many people, regardless of age, who believe and follow unspoken rules and habits because of superstitions. Browse articles. Northern If youve evertraveled around Slovenia, you may have noticed several dragons in the capital city of Ljubljana. Once at the top, the views of the city are impressive. published on 21 November 2018. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. famous legends and myths of europe: northern europe. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. It is a long and comprehensive account of the origin of the cosmos, the gods, and their rise and fall. Hilda Davidson (1912-2006) was a lecturer and Vice-President of Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge. In all areas of religious studies, Numen publishes articles, book reviews, review articles, and survey articles. Two gods were interested, namely the goddess Athena and the god Poseidon. Perhaps the most important and striking of these tales is Voluspa, addressed to Odin by a seeress. Some Norse mythology enthusiasts are strangely terrified of Christian influence in our sources. Sherwood Forest is at the center of the legend of Robin Hood, and you can get familiar with the tale on any visit. WebDepending as it does upon the transmission from person to person and being subject to the skill or the lack of skill of those who pass it on and to the many influences, physical or social, that consciously or unconsciously affect a tradition, what may be observed is a history of continual change. WebNorse Mythology The stories that have come down to us as Norse myths developed throughout Northern Europe as part of an oral tradition dating from the eighth to the eleventh centuries. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. A century later, it was inspired by peasant revolt leader Matija Gubec. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. The Rosstrappe is a craggy hill in the Harz mountain range in Central Germany. their god of thunder) not with statues but by worshipping oaks instead. Please try again later. These realms are subdivided into nine worlds, peopled variously by gods, slain warriors, elves, humans, dwarves, giants, and the dead. date the date you are citing the material. All of the poems are written in characteristic meters derived from the practices of oral storytelling. History comes from ancient sagas and the landscape is formed through these tales. The castle is built on a rocky promontory overlooking the valley, but that is where the similarities stop. "1 A record1 from 1917 ascribes the damage done by seals to Here's How 'The Witcher' Was Inspired by European Folklore | Time WebAbout Gods and Myths of Northern Europe Surveys the pre-Christian beliefs of the Scandinavian and Germanic peoples. Unfortunately, it was too late, and both of them died. For me, it's not about ticking destinations off the bucket list but experiencing each one of them to the fullest. rev2023.5.1.43405. date the date you are citing the material. The second date is today's Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. She accepted, but only if he built her Russias tallest tower in seven days. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. WebIn Europe, ravens are seen as harbingers of misfortune, while to North Americas Indigenous people, they are central to creation myths. publication in traditional print. By Anda from Travel for a While. WebKniha Gods and myths of northern Europe, 1990 z druh ruky. Saxo Grammaticus's History of the Danes, Old Icelandic sagas, primarily family histories and genealogies, and other historical accounts round out the picture. The rest think it is better not to totally deny their existencejust in case. There are quite a few Maltese legends out there, including one that says that Malta is the lost city of Atlantis (mainly because its home to some of the oldest man-made structures in the world), but the most famous one has to be about Saint Paul and the Venomous Viper. In a society in the climate of north-western Europe during the first millennium, with rather primitive agriculture, without supermarkets and without refrigerators, people were much more dependent on the rebirth of nature in spring for their food supplies. Awaiting in the distant, Tatar lands resides Syembik, the beautiful Queen of the Kazan Khanate. I will try to focus on that next time I do a trip , Thanks for participating! Also the Greek God of thunder, Zeus, was worshipped in an oak tree at the ancient oracle of Dodona. As the weather was hot in summer, one of them dived from the cliff into the water to refresh herself. The reason there are some times similarities that occasionally pop up through some cultures are brief encounters with these tribes whom are there ancestors passing back through areas that settled and developed more advanced ways to record their beliefs. It is known to be a Scandinavian religion, still practiced today in some parts of Scandinavia and parts of Germany, during the middle ages, before the time of Christianity. They wanted some peace and decided to randomly sacrifice one person each day to feed him. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Mythology & Folklore Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for enthusiasts and scholars of mythology and folklore. @LaurenIpsum as well as the fact that Vikings invaded the Celtic lands (albeit by this time Celtic paganism was barely being practiced, if at all). Although it dates back millions of years ago, a local legend says that it all started with a wedding between two young people. Raven Folklore 2/ 27 Apr 2023 16:38:28 Like most all regions through time regime changes have people who question the changes the new leaders and the ones who mange to leave the region to keep the origins of their faith the same they travel long distances. Perhaps if you go by some long lost Indo-European root you can argue they are related, but then you could argue Greek and Slavic are related too. Obsessed with anything Spain-related, I'm always planning my next trip (and the excitement alone can bring tears to my eyes, not that it's difficult to make me cry). As legend has it, those deemed worthy by the fairy mainly descendants of the ancient mariners and Kotors founders are granted a special gift. The places that had less change in the original beliefs would have common origins. WebMythology is the perfect way for kids to learn the historic stories behind today's popular mythical characters. It reviews current scholarship in a wide range of adjacent disciplines including cultural studies, popular culture, cultural anthropology, ethnology, and social history. According to the tale, Jrat is a sea goddess who lives in a palace on the ocean floor, made entirely of amber. His wish was fulfilled, and the water that still appears in this place is believed to be his tears. They are strongly alliterative, with the accent on the first syllable of each word. Nonetheless, this was the ambitious goal set by the SYMBODIN project, undertaken with the support of the Marie Skodowska-Curie Actions programme. When the Far North Inspires Fantasy | Fantasy - BnF Request Permissions. Frequently, she gave bread and other supplies to the poor. Surely Alkima was a wise fairy to encourage a life by the sea! In January? Numen - the official journal of the International Association for the History of Religions (IAHR) - is one of the world's leading journals devoted to the academic study of religions. Germanic religion and mythology and myths His legend was used particularly to emphasize Danish identity against a dominant German culture, including operas and a short story from Hans Christian Anderson. The giants and the gods were enemies and much of the drama of the myths centers around their conflicts and, more generally, conflicts resulting from contact between disparate worlds. There are even tribes that go back thousands of years that are completely Norse-Gaelic or I guess in that guess it being before Norse-Gaels, they'd be Celto-Germanic tribes and ones would integrate with the other and assimilate and become full Gaelic or vice versa full Germanic. How dare you lie to me?. If you walk by the University in Wroclaw, Poland, you cannot miss the fountain right in front. By Allon from Its Sometimes Sunny in Bangor. He was known as Ogier the Dane in the Song of Roland and appeared in many other late Middle Ages works. The last date is today's They represent the work of many authors over several centuries, most likely dating back to anywhere from 850 to 1000. Eigenvalues of position operator in higher dimensions is vector, not scalar? What does 'They're at four. But the worlds are different, the foundation myths are different, the gods are very different, the philosophies and afterlife are very different and the apocalypse is very different. the cultures being so close to each other and spread across all of Europe makes a lot of sense why each group Germanic or Celtic have such similarities in culture and myth. Paraphrased from "Sagas of the Northmen Viking and German Myth" by Time-Life 1997: The Anglo-Saxons and Scandavians were both branches of Germanic peoples. From the statues by Dragon Bridge to the dragon on the citys coat of arms, Ljubljana takes pride in being the city of dragons. The Lost Beliefs of Northern Europe - Google Books What is the description of the appearance of the mythological Kraken? The second is the date of Germanic religion and mythology, complex of stories, lore, and beliefs about the gods and the nature of the cosmos developed by the Germanic-speaking peoples MYTHS AND LEGENDS FROM EUROPE: EASTERN EUROPE AND THE BALKANS, THE STONE WEDDING/THE PETRIFIED WEDDING, BULGARIA. Myths Building on two centuries' experience, Taylor & Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher.The Group publishes over 800 journals and over 1,800 new books each year, coveringa wide variety of subject areas and incorporating the journal imprints of Routledge,Carfax, Spon Press, Psychology Press, Martin Dunitz, and Taylor & Francis.Taylor & Francis is fully committed to the publication and dissemination of scholarly information of the highest quality, and today this remains the primary goal. With the earth turning green again, and plants getting leaves out of nowhere, it doesnt seem such an illogical step to represent the god responsible for this as a green man surrounded by leaves. Encompassing both mythological tales of the gods and heroic tales of warriors and leaders, the Norse mythological tradition offers insights into both the religious beliefs and the history of the cultures of Northern Europe between the fall of the Roman Empire and the birth of early modern national cultures. This famous picture sparked an international sensation and people speculated that the creature was a plesiosaur a marine reptile that went extinct about 65 million years ago. The vikings believed in norse mythology or Germanic was the term the Romans used to refer to the barbarian tribes of central and northern Europe that were not Celts. In Ancient Greece, there was a contest to decide which god would control the city of Athens. Collection. We care about our planet! Elves were blamed, and as a result, some building projects can take a long time to finalize. The Celts, Norse, Germans, and Gauls can all be traced back to same basic origin at very different times in migrations to the north and back down. During their travels, they stopped at a large lake near the source of the Ljubljanica. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Pears Encyclopedia of Myths and Legends: Western and Northern Europe Hardback at the best online prices at eBay! Can anyone explain the basic concepts of this Nordic mythololgical poetry? Today, the Rooster of Barcelos is an emblem for Portugueseamor da vidaand is a ubiquitous symbol, brought to life in ceramic and embroidered onto linen to maketraditional Portuguese souvenirs. Many bookshops in Prague also sellbooks about golems. Because of his impure thoughts, nature turned everyone into stone, except for the groom, who cried and begged to join his love. The most well known sources are the Eddas. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. To redeem, copy and paste the code during the checkout process. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. by Marion Wadowski. With his association with thunder and lightning, which bring rain for crops, he is also linked with fertility, as is Frey, the god of plenty, fertility, prosperity, and the weather. It is these people, known as the "Northmen," who told and preserved the stories of the old gods and inspired many of the heroic legends that form the basis of Norse mythology. According to all the historians, this is a legend attributed to account for her decreased popularity in France. How were trolls created in Norse mythology? It was during these years that the northernmost of the old Indo-European tribes began to move south into England and Western Europe, and as far west as Iceland and the North American continent, in the relentless Viking raids. I'm a passionate traveler with a severe coffee, chocolate, and pastry addiction (or any other carb for that matter).

City Of Concord Nc Staff Directory, Les Liens D'ames Flammes Jumelles, Sunny Treadmill Oil Reset, Articles N