PPTX Slide 1 No aspect of these advertisements have been approved by the Supreme Court of New Jersey. @KF: According to the adopted toll ordinance, two people in a car -- regardless of the capacity of your car -- will need to pay 50% of the toll in the express lanes. But most residents of those neighborhoods vehemently oppose raising densities, and most American regions already have densities far too low to support much public transit. With 87.9 percent of Americas daily commuters using private vehicles, and millions wanting to move at the same times of day, Americas basic problem is that its road system does not have the capacity to handle peak-hour loads without forcing many people to wait in line for that limited road space. Furthermore, line of sight may be impeded by the mid-point of a curve or the crest of a hill. For an overview of the Bay Area Express Lanes project and how to use express lanes, you can watch Caltrans' explanatory video. If anything, I suspect that most of this income will be spent on "administrative costs," "unexpected costs" and maintaining the new "pay-to-drive" bureaucracy. 0000003111 00000 n Not long before all lanes are taxed. Drivers should not assume because the area appears to be rural, the limit is 70 MPH. Over 50 years of experience using mass transit in Palo Alto and all around the SF Bay Area. Research shows that when you respond to a text at a red light, your brain continues to think about and focus on that text conversation for up to a minute, even after you put your phone down. There are many occasions when adding more road capacity is a good idea, but no large region can afford to build enough to completely eliminate peak-hour congestion. "VcF@Z !#a`GD +C`Lf`zy?F+}4u.\!i,a` "& endstream endobj 108 0 obj 350 endobj 74 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 67 0 R /Resources 75 0 R /Contents 80 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 75 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /F1 89 0 R /F3 78 0 R /F4 90 0 R /TT1 93 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 97 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 101 0 R /GS2 100 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs5 77 0 R /Cs9 76 0 R >> >> endobj 76 0 obj [ /Indexed 77 0 R 255 102 0 R ] endobj 77 0 obj [ /CalRGB << /WhitePoint [ 0.9505 1 1.089 ] /Gamma [ 2.22221 2.22221 2.22221 ] /Matrix [ 0.4124 0.2126 0.0193 0.3576 0.71519 0.1192 0.1805 0.0722 0.9505 ] >> ] endobj 78 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [ 340 360 420 660 660 940 800 240 320 320 460 600 340 360 340 600 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 340 340 600 600 600 660 820 720 720 740 780 720 680 780 820 400 640 800 640 940 740 800 660 800 780 660 700 740 720 940 780 700 640 300 600 300 600 500 400 580 600 580 640 580 380 580 680 360 340 660 340 1000 680 620 640 620 460 520 460 660 600 800 600 620 560 320 600 320 600 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 660 660 340 340 340 340 340 740 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 600 340 340 340 660 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /Bookman-Demi /FontDescriptor 79 0 R >> endobj 79 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 732 /CapHeight 681 /Descent -213 /Flags 262178 /FontBBox [ -194 -250 1346 934 ] /FontName /Bookman-Demi /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 167 /XHeight 502 >> endobj 80 0 obj [ 82 0 R 84 0 R 86 0 R 88 0 R 92 0 R 96 0 R 99 0 R 104 0 R 106 0 R ] endobj 81 0 obj 721 endobj 82 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 81 0 R >> stream More regions could use HOV lanes effectively if there were more lanes built for that purpose, rather than trying to convert existing ones. Passing on a multi-lane road will always be risky but is often necessary. . The same thing will happen if more workers become telecommuters and work at home, or if public transit capacity is expanded on off-road routes that parallel a congested expressway. An in-depth equity analysis produces results that may feel counterintuitive: The express lanes will operate from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. on weekdays. You should search ahead __ to __ seconds looking for vehicles, pedestrians, animals, and objects on or near the roadway in rural areas. Because that's what it is. Always be on the lookout for curves in the road ahead of you and make any necessary speed and position changes as soon as possible. OK, so anyone can use the express lane, but most will have to pay. 4.Always wait for the vehicle ahead of you to clear the tracks before you proceed. Characteristics Of A Master Driver Stop signs are important because they prevent drivers from going too fast in the residential areas. A freeway is one example of a(n) _______. When there are three lanes on a freeway: A. Someday this will all be in landfill. It seems like we have just turned the freeway system into a visit to the current Disneyland, -- a complicated computer-based game for extracting fees to "cut in line" in front of everyone else. I use the toll lanes on 680, 880 and 101. If this is supposed to encourage public transit use, can you inform us which buses use 101? The cost for this long commute via public transportation will be at least $16-20 PER DAY -- and only if you walk to a train station. Staggering your vehicle in relation to cars in adjacent lanes will reduce the chances of a collision occurring. You should also plan for an alternate route. . If a regions population is growing rapidly, as in Southern California or Florida, any expansions of major expressway capacity may soon be swamped by more vehicles generated by the added population. Also, the periods of maximum congestion may be shorter, and congestion on alternative routes may be lower. PDF Classroom and In-car Instruction Model Curriculum Driving on busy, multi-lane roads requires constant vigilance. SHARES. Those roads would then be grossly underutilized during non-peak hours. And also designed for very high heat and flooding. The second is that privately owned vehicles are more comfortable, faster, more private, more convenient in trip timing, and more flexible for doing multiple tasks on one trip than almost any form of public transit. "The integration of managed express lanes will reduce congestion all along the U.S. 101 corridor. Those thirty-six urbanized areas contained 18.2 percent of all persons living in all 476 U.S. urbanized areas. As soon as you identify your turn-off on the road ahead, begin merging into an appropriate lane that permits the maneuver. Who can answer my questions?For an overview of the Bay Area Express Lanes project and how to use express lanes, you can watch Caltrans' explanatory video.For more information about how express lanes work, go to the 511.org website.For more information about the VTA Express Lanes Project, you can go to Silicon Valley Express Lanes website or contact VTA's Community Outreach Department at 408-321-7575 or (TTY) for the hearing-impaired at 408-321-2330 or at [emailprotected]For more information about San Mateo County's express lanes, visit the San Mateo County Express Lanes web page. Commuters are often frustrated by policymakers inability to do anything about the problem, which poses a significant public policy challenge. 2023 Palo Alto Online. Avoid the 7 AM to 7 PM period if possible, because that's the period with the most frequent traffic. I shudder when I see this incredibly humongous, ugly distraction. Do not take any chances if your feel yourself tiring on a rural road. Such Transit Oriented Developments (TODs) would permit more residents to commute by walking to transit, thereby decreasing the number of private vehicles on the roads. Together, they connect every major population in the country. <> Congrats, Palo Alto and the SF Bay Area, we are a 4th world country when it comes to mass transit. Collector roads are even more likely to be congested, with 35. TRAFFIC: Drivers Get Extra Lane During Rush Hour with "Zipper - YouTube All our Government does is cost us more $ and make our lives less bearable. On a standard intersection, the general rule for executing turns is as follows: Multi-lane intersections often have additional lanes or dedicated turn lanes for motorists wishing to turn, in which case, the general rules outlined above may no longer apply. Ensuring that you stay safe on the road during rush hour begins with you following the rules of the road. Of that state funding, $220 million is going to San Mateo County's current express lanes segment, and $33 million is helping to fund VTA's latest segments. From 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. on weekdays, these lanes can be used for free by carpools of three persons or more, vanpools, motorcyclists and buses. At the same time, new workplaces have been spreading out in low-density areas in most metropolitan regions. 11am, 1pm, 2pm.never used to be slow. While monitoring the area around your vehicle, you will also need to scan the road ahead, position your vehicle appropriately, maintain a safe speed and ensure you are in the correct lane. Do I Need to Call the Police After a Car Accident? The following information comes from Caltrans, VTA, 511.org and the San Mateo 101 Express Lanes Project. A violation-enforcement system camera will capture a license plate image if a vehicle is in an express lane without a FasTrak tag. That's because there isn't enough density to have enough riders to cover the fixed costs of a public transit system on the peninsula. Of course there are other reasons. When you carpool, you can save money on gas and you can enjoy conversation with others. Let them by so you do not inadvertently get into an accident with them. Easy to connect with the big city buses running on the bigger streets and the subway system. Driving Ed Online offers DMV approved Drivers Education, Graduated Driver Licensing and Driver Training courses which meet all the state DMV requirements for teens who want to get their learners permit & Driver's License through Virtual Driving Online. Most of the time you should drive in the far right or center lane of the freeway. Second, it's guaranteeing more of the . Become a member today. What is the tag set to? According to Bill Eisele of the . It will encourage carpooling and transit ridership as well as the use of technology to help manage traffic," Toks Omishakin, Caltrans director, said in a video about the project.Construction of additional express lanes is continuing, with lanes being extended north, up from Whipple Avenue to Interstate 380, and south on Highway 101 to I-880. You can mitigate this risk by yielding to all other traffic crossing the intersection before executing the turn. You are driving on a congested three lane expressway during morning rush hour going east as the sun is rising. All rights reserved, Right turns should begin and end in the furthest lane to the right, Left turns should begin and end in the furthest lane to the left. (Lesson 1) Why should you avoid using residential streets as shortcuts? Rather, it is the rich charging the rich to drive so they can get to work on time while the rest of us sit in even heavier traffic (which hurts the environment more than the previous HOV-2 system). Pedestrians may blindly step out onto a crosswalk when it is not safe to do so or cross busy roads illegally between two intersections. They are as follows, Avvo, Super Lawyers, The National Trial Lawyers Top 100, Million Dollar Advocates Forum, Martindale Hubbell Peer Review Rated. But you'll need to have a FasTrak Flex toll tag in your car to get that discount or you'll be penalized. Looking for more Redwood City stories? Merely converting existing lanes would reduce overall road capacity. Office said it happened on State Highway 49 east of County Highway YY just after 6:00 p.m. Officials said a woman . My point? When St. Louis City and County consolidated all of the bus systems into one publicly owned system in the '60s, these microbuses were deliberately outlawed by passing strict rules on private public transport that limited it to licensed taxi cabs. After expansion, the road can carry more vehicles per hour than before, no matter how congested it is, so more people can travel on it during those more desirable periods. On multiple-lane expressways, driving during rush hour. on multiple lane expressways driving during rush hour. The right lane is for avoiding most traffic. 2023 - McCann Dillon Jaffe & Lamb, LLC -. A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been surfaced or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle, or horse.Roads have been adapted to a large range of structures and types in order to achieve a common goal of transportation under a large and wide range of conditions. The only buses I see belong to Google! For instance, if someone in Palo Alto worked at the new Apple Park complex in Cupertino, the fastest public transportation option would still exceed an hour. But this outcome should not be regarded as a mark of social failure or misguided policies. endobj Special Pubs You should keep speed to a minimum and always be prepared to stop when driving in an area with a high number of pedestrians. Driving on Multi-lane Roads With Heavy Traffic: Safe Driving Tactics <> Vehicles with two passengers, who used to take advantage of carpool lanes, won't get a free ride anymore and neither will clean-air vehicle drivers. I'm not rich, far from it. Give some examples of each. One would think the powers-that-be want as all of us to be slave-serfs standing at the side of our hovels, not going anywhere fast to be sure we stay meek and hat-in-hand as our "betters" whiz by in their fast cars or jet planes. Characteristics Of Animals In The Tropical Rainforest, Elrond Comforts Estel Fanfiction, Enkhiin Od Mike Sharavjamts, Articles O
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on multiple lane expressways driving during rush hour

Be prepared to stop Home Highways are usually the best roads to use when traveling long distance. The study classifies them as expressways, and says 33 percent of their lane-miles are over capacity, and 46 percent near capacity. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) studied these types of toll lanes some time ago. PR MediaRelease You cannot go straight ahead. I visited Shenzhen, China in 1991 and remember a transit system they had there. Everyone is better off. PPTX Slide 1 No aspect of these advertisements have been approved by the Supreme Court of New Jersey. @KF: According to the adopted toll ordinance, two people in a car -- regardless of the capacity of your car -- will need to pay 50% of the toll in the express lanes. But most residents of those neighborhoods vehemently oppose raising densities, and most American regions already have densities far too low to support much public transit. With 87.9 percent of Americas daily commuters using private vehicles, and millions wanting to move at the same times of day, Americas basic problem is that its road system does not have the capacity to handle peak-hour loads without forcing many people to wait in line for that limited road space. Furthermore, line of sight may be impeded by the mid-point of a curve or the crest of a hill. For an overview of the Bay Area Express Lanes project and how to use express lanes, you can watch Caltrans' explanatory video. If anything, I suspect that most of this income will be spent on "administrative costs," "unexpected costs" and maintaining the new "pay-to-drive" bureaucracy. 0000003111 00000 n Not long before all lanes are taxed. Drivers should not assume because the area appears to be rural, the limit is 70 MPH. Over 50 years of experience using mass transit in Palo Alto and all around the SF Bay Area. Research shows that when you respond to a text at a red light, your brain continues to think about and focus on that text conversation for up to a minute, even after you put your phone down. There are many occasions when adding more road capacity is a good idea, but no large region can afford to build enough to completely eliminate peak-hour congestion. "VcF@Z !#a`GD +C`Lf`zy?F+}4u.\!i,a` "& endstream endobj 108 0 obj 350 endobj 74 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 67 0 R /Resources 75 0 R /Contents 80 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 75 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /F1 89 0 R /F3 78 0 R /F4 90 0 R /TT1 93 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 97 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 101 0 R /GS2 100 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs5 77 0 R /Cs9 76 0 R >> >> endobj 76 0 obj [ /Indexed 77 0 R 255 102 0 R ] endobj 77 0 obj [ /CalRGB << /WhitePoint [ 0.9505 1 1.089 ] /Gamma [ 2.22221 2.22221 2.22221 ] /Matrix [ 0.4124 0.2126 0.0193 0.3576 0.71519 0.1192 0.1805 0.0722 0.9505 ] >> ] endobj 78 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [ 340 360 420 660 660 940 800 240 320 320 460 600 340 360 340 600 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 660 340 340 600 600 600 660 820 720 720 740 780 720 680 780 820 400 640 800 640 940 740 800 660 800 780 660 700 740 720 940 780 700 640 300 600 300 600 500 400 580 600 580 640 580 380 580 680 360 340 660 340 1000 680 620 640 620 460 520 460 660 600 800 600 620 560 320 600 320 600 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 660 660 340 340 340 340 340 740 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 600 340 340 340 660 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /Bookman-Demi /FontDescriptor 79 0 R >> endobj 79 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 732 /CapHeight 681 /Descent -213 /Flags 262178 /FontBBox [ -194 -250 1346 934 ] /FontName /Bookman-Demi /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 167 /XHeight 502 >> endobj 80 0 obj [ 82 0 R 84 0 R 86 0 R 88 0 R 92 0 R 96 0 R 99 0 R 104 0 R 106 0 R ] endobj 81 0 obj 721 endobj 82 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 81 0 R >> stream More regions could use HOV lanes effectively if there were more lanes built for that purpose, rather than trying to convert existing ones. Passing on a multi-lane road will always be risky but is often necessary. . The same thing will happen if more workers become telecommuters and work at home, or if public transit capacity is expanded on off-road routes that parallel a congested expressway. An in-depth equity analysis produces results that may feel counterintuitive: The express lanes will operate from 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. on weekdays. You should search ahead __ to __ seconds looking for vehicles, pedestrians, animals, and objects on or near the roadway in rural areas. Because that's what it is. Always be on the lookout for curves in the road ahead of you and make any necessary speed and position changes as soon as possible. OK, so anyone can use the express lane, but most will have to pay. 4.Always wait for the vehicle ahead of you to clear the tracks before you proceed. Characteristics Of A Master Driver Stop signs are important because they prevent drivers from going too fast in the residential areas. A freeway is one example of a(n) _______. When there are three lanes on a freeway: A. Someday this will all be in landfill. It seems like we have just turned the freeway system into a visit to the current Disneyland, -- a complicated computer-based game for extracting fees to "cut in line" in front of everyone else. I use the toll lanes on 680, 880 and 101. If this is supposed to encourage public transit use, can you inform us which buses use 101? The cost for this long commute via public transportation will be at least $16-20 PER DAY -- and only if you walk to a train station. Staggering your vehicle in relation to cars in adjacent lanes will reduce the chances of a collision occurring. You should also plan for an alternate route. . If a regions population is growing rapidly, as in Southern California or Florida, any expansions of major expressway capacity may soon be swamped by more vehicles generated by the added population. Also, the periods of maximum congestion may be shorter, and congestion on alternative routes may be lower. PDF Classroom and In-car Instruction Model Curriculum Driving on busy, multi-lane roads requires constant vigilance. SHARES. Those roads would then be grossly underutilized during non-peak hours. And also designed for very high heat and flooding. The second is that privately owned vehicles are more comfortable, faster, more private, more convenient in trip timing, and more flexible for doing multiple tasks on one trip than almost any form of public transit. "The integration of managed express lanes will reduce congestion all along the U.S. 101 corridor. Those thirty-six urbanized areas contained 18.2 percent of all persons living in all 476 U.S. urbanized areas. As soon as you identify your turn-off on the road ahead, begin merging into an appropriate lane that permits the maneuver. Who can answer my questions?For an overview of the Bay Area Express Lanes project and how to use express lanes, you can watch Caltrans' explanatory video.For more information about how express lanes work, go to the 511.org website.For more information about the VTA Express Lanes Project, you can go to Silicon Valley Express Lanes website or contact VTA's Community Outreach Department at 408-321-7575 or (TTY) for the hearing-impaired at 408-321-2330 or at [emailprotected]For more information about San Mateo County's express lanes, visit the San Mateo County Express Lanes web page. Commuters are often frustrated by policymakers inability to do anything about the problem, which poses a significant public policy challenge. 2023 Palo Alto Online. Avoid the 7 AM to 7 PM period if possible, because that's the period with the most frequent traffic. I shudder when I see this incredibly humongous, ugly distraction. Do not take any chances if your feel yourself tiring on a rural road. Such Transit Oriented Developments (TODs) would permit more residents to commute by walking to transit, thereby decreasing the number of private vehicles on the roads. Together, they connect every major population in the country. <> Congrats, Palo Alto and the SF Bay Area, we are a 4th world country when it comes to mass transit. Collector roads are even more likely to be congested, with 35. TRAFFIC: Drivers Get Extra Lane During Rush Hour with "Zipper - YouTube All our Government does is cost us more $ and make our lives less bearable. On a standard intersection, the general rule for executing turns is as follows: Multi-lane intersections often have additional lanes or dedicated turn lanes for motorists wishing to turn, in which case, the general rules outlined above may no longer apply. Ensuring that you stay safe on the road during rush hour begins with you following the rules of the road. Of that state funding, $220 million is going to San Mateo County's current express lanes segment, and $33 million is helping to fund VTA's latest segments. From 5 a.m. to 8 p.m. on weekdays, these lanes can be used for free by carpools of three persons or more, vanpools, motorcyclists and buses. At the same time, new workplaces have been spreading out in low-density areas in most metropolitan regions. 11am, 1pm, 2pm.never used to be slow. While monitoring the area around your vehicle, you will also need to scan the road ahead, position your vehicle appropriately, maintain a safe speed and ensure you are in the correct lane. Do I Need to Call the Police After a Car Accident? The following information comes from Caltrans, VTA, 511.org and the San Mateo 101 Express Lanes Project. A violation-enforcement system camera will capture a license plate image if a vehicle is in an express lane without a FasTrak tag. That's because there isn't enough density to have enough riders to cover the fixed costs of a public transit system on the peninsula. Of course there are other reasons. When you carpool, you can save money on gas and you can enjoy conversation with others. Let them by so you do not inadvertently get into an accident with them. Easy to connect with the big city buses running on the bigger streets and the subway system. Driving Ed Online offers DMV approved Drivers Education, Graduated Driver Licensing and Driver Training courses which meet all the state DMV requirements for teens who want to get their learners permit & Driver's License through Virtual Driving Online. Most of the time you should drive in the far right or center lane of the freeway. Second, it's guaranteeing more of the . Become a member today. What is the tag set to? According to Bill Eisele of the . It will encourage carpooling and transit ridership as well as the use of technology to help manage traffic," Toks Omishakin, Caltrans director, said in a video about the project.Construction of additional express lanes is continuing, with lanes being extended north, up from Whipple Avenue to Interstate 380, and south on Highway 101 to I-880. You can mitigate this risk by yielding to all other traffic crossing the intersection before executing the turn. You are driving on a congested three lane expressway during morning rush hour going east as the sun is rising. All rights reserved, Right turns should begin and end in the furthest lane to the right, Left turns should begin and end in the furthest lane to the left. (Lesson 1) Why should you avoid using residential streets as shortcuts? Rather, it is the rich charging the rich to drive so they can get to work on time while the rest of us sit in even heavier traffic (which hurts the environment more than the previous HOV-2 system). Pedestrians may blindly step out onto a crosswalk when it is not safe to do so or cross busy roads illegally between two intersections. They are as follows, Avvo, Super Lawyers, The National Trial Lawyers Top 100, Million Dollar Advocates Forum, Martindale Hubbell Peer Review Rated. But you'll need to have a FasTrak Flex toll tag in your car to get that discount or you'll be penalized. Looking for more Redwood City stories? Merely converting existing lanes would reduce overall road capacity. Office said it happened on State Highway 49 east of County Highway YY just after 6:00 p.m. Officials said a woman . My point? When St. Louis City and County consolidated all of the bus systems into one publicly owned system in the '60s, these microbuses were deliberately outlawed by passing strict rules on private public transport that limited it to licensed taxi cabs. After expansion, the road can carry more vehicles per hour than before, no matter how congested it is, so more people can travel on it during those more desirable periods. On multiple-lane expressways, driving during rush hour. on multiple lane expressways driving during rush hour. The right lane is for avoiding most traffic. 2023 - McCann Dillon Jaffe & Lamb, LLC -. A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been surfaced or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle, or horse.Roads have been adapted to a large range of structures and types in order to achieve a common goal of transportation under a large and wide range of conditions. The only buses I see belong to Google! For instance, if someone in Palo Alto worked at the new Apple Park complex in Cupertino, the fastest public transportation option would still exceed an hour. But this outcome should not be regarded as a mark of social failure or misguided policies. endobj Special Pubs You should keep speed to a minimum and always be prepared to stop when driving in an area with a high number of pedestrians. Driving on Multi-lane Roads With Heavy Traffic: Safe Driving Tactics <> Vehicles with two passengers, who used to take advantage of carpool lanes, won't get a free ride anymore and neither will clean-air vehicle drivers. I'm not rich, far from it. Give some examples of each. One would think the powers-that-be want as all of us to be slave-serfs standing at the side of our hovels, not going anywhere fast to be sure we stay meek and hat-in-hand as our "betters" whiz by in their fast cars or jet planes.

Characteristics Of Animals In The Tropical Rainforest, Elrond Comforts Estel Fanfiction, Enkhiin Od Mike Sharavjamts, Articles O